5.45x39 vs. 7.62x39

Caliber comparison

When it comes to selecting an ideal rifle cartridge for an AK-platform firearm, the two most popular choices are the 5.45x39mm (popular in the AK-74 style rifles) and the 7.62x39mm (popular in the AK-47 and SKS style rifles). Both calibers have their strengths and weaknesses, and choosing the right one depends on your intended use, whether it's for home defense, hunting, target shooting, or tactical applications.

Our team at Core Vision Training is going to break down the differences and similarities of 5.45x39 and 7.62x39.

Overview of 5.45x39mm

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The 5.45x39mm cartridge was developed by the Soviet Union in the 1970s as a direct response to the 5.56x45mm NATO round, which became the standard round for the AR platform. Designed for the AK-74 rifle, this round features a smaller, lighter bullet than its predecessor, the 7.62x39mm.

Key Features:

  • Bullet weight: Typically 53-60 grains

  • Muzzle velocity: Around 2,900 feet per second (fps)

  • Effective range: Approximately 500 meters

  • Penetration: Superior against soft armor compared to 7.62x39mm

  • Recoil: Light, leading to better accuracy and faster follow-up shots

Advantages of 5.45x39mm:

  1. Reduced Recoil: The lighter bullet and higher velocity result in lower felt recoil, making it easier to control in rapid-fire situations.

  2. Flatter Trajectory: Due to its higher velocity, the 5.45x39mm round experiences less bullet drop over long distances, improving accuracy.

  3. Enhanced Penetration: The design of the bullet, often referred to as the "poison bullet," provides excellent penetration against soft targets and barriers.

Disadvantages of 5.45x39mm:

  1. Ammo Availability: 5.45 ammo is less common and usually is more expensive than 7.62x39mm, particularly in Western markets.

  2. Terminal Ballistics: While great for penetration, it lacks the stopping power and energy transfer of the heavier 7.62x39mm round.

  3. Barrel Wear: The higher velocity and smaller diameter may contribute to faster barrel erosion over time.

Overview of 7.62x39mm

The 7.62x39mm cartridge has been a staple of military and civilian use since its development in the late 1940s. Famously used in the AK-47, it is known for its reliability and stopping power.

Key Features:

  • Bullet weight: Typically 122-154 grains

  • Muzzle velocity: Around 2,350 fps

  • Effective range: Approximately 300-400 meters

  • Penetration: Moderate, with strong performance against hard targets

  • Recoil: Noticeable but manageable

Advantages of 7.62x39mm:

  1. Stopping Power: The heavier bullet delivers more energy on impact, making it effective for home defense and hunting.

  2. Ammo Availability: Widely available and relatively affordable, with numerous surplus and commercial options.

  3. Reliable Performance: Proven track record of reliability in harsh environments, functioning well in adverse conditions.

  4. Barrier Penetration: Performs well against hard cover, such as walls and vehicles.

Disadvantages of 7.62x39mm:

  1. Recoil: Heavier recoil compared to 5.45x39mm, making follow-up shots slower.

  2. Trajectory: More pronounced bullet drop at longer distances, reducing long-range accuracy.

  3. Weight: Heavier ammunition can add to the overall weight of your gear, which may be a consideration for extended use.

Which Round is Better for You?

Choosing between the 5.45x39mm and 7.62x39mm largely depends on your specific needs:

  • Home Defense: 7.62x39mm may offer better stopping power, but its potential for over-penetration could be a concern when it comes to firing in close quarters. 5.45x39mm provides better controllability and faster follow-up shots.

  • Hunting: 7.62x39mm is generally preferred for hunting medium-sized game due to its energy delivery and penetration.

  • Tactical Use: 5.45x39mm excels in military and law enforcement applications due to its lightweight and superior armor penetration.

  • SHTF/Survival Scenarios: 7.62x39mm is often preferred in survival situations due to its widespread availability and versatility in penetrating cover and taking down larger threats.

Conclusion

Both the 5.45x39mm and 7.62x39mm have their rightful place in the AK world. If you prioritize accuracy, recoil management, and faster follow-up shots, the 5.45x39mm may be the better choice. On the other hand, if you want sheer stopping power, availability, and versatility, the 7.62x39mm is a tried-and-true option.

Ultimately, your decision should be based on your intended use and personal preferences. Whether you choose the modern performance of the 5.45x39mm or the battle-proven 7.62x39mm, both cartridges provide formidable firepower in the right hands.

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