will .22 get the job done?

The .22 caliber is among the most popular and widely used cartridges, known for its accessibility, low recoil, and affordability. Used predominantly in small-game hunting, target shooting, and recreational shooting, it’s also lightweight and relatively easy to handle. However, when it comes to self-defense, its effectiveness is often debated. Is it a practical choice for protecting oneself, or are larger calibers more reliable for stopping an attacker?

Our team at Core Vision Training is going to explore the advantages, drawbacks, and context in which a .22 might be viable for self-defense. Let’s break it down.

Understanding the .22 Caliber’s Popularity

The .22 caliber, especially in its most popular variation, the .22 Long Rifle (LR), is recognized worldwide for several compelling reasons. It’s cheap, easy to find, and produces minimal recoil. For those who are newer shooters, it offers an accessible way to learn shooting fundamentals without overwhelming noise (though you still need to wear ear pro when shooting) or recoil, and it’s an economical option for practicing marksmanship.

The relatively small size of many firearms chambered in .22 also makes them easier to carry and conceal. These qualities have made the .22 a go-to for many gun owners across skill levels and purposes. But when it comes to self-defense, the demands and expectations on a firearm are notably different than for recreational shooting.

Advantages of the .22 Caliber for Self-Defense

Though it’s often doubted, the .22 has distinct advantages in specific self-defense scenarios.

Minimal Recoil, Easier Control
The .22’s low recoil can make it easier to control and shoot accurately, especially for those who may not have the physical strength or hand control to handle heavier recoil. This characteristic appeals to many new shooters, the elderly, and individuals with smaller frames or limited physical strength. It also allows for quicker follow-up shots, which could be advantageous in a self-defense situation where multiple rounds may be needed to stop an aggressor effectively.
High Magazine Capacity
Since .22 ammunition is relatively small, firearms chambered in .22 often have higher magazine capacities. Many .22 handguns offer capacities of 10 to 15 rounds or more, compared to larger calibers like a Glock chambered in 9mm, that might hold fewer rounds in a similar-sized magazine. The ability to fire multiple shots could compensate somewhat for the lower energy and stopping power of individual .22 rounds, allowing the shooter to deliver multiple hits if necessary.
Lower Sound and Muzzle Flash
When fired, .22 caliber rounds produce less noise and muzzle flash compared to larger calibers. In a confined or enclosed area, such as a home, this reduced noise can help prevent hearing damage and mitigate disorientation. The minimal muzzle flash also preserves the shooter’s night vision, which can be especially useful in low-light self-defense scenarios, such as if someone breaks in in the middle of the night.
Affordability and Practice Potential
The low cost of .22 ammunition makes it an excellent choice for frequent practice. You can pick up a box of 100 rounds at a local sporting goods store for around $10. Proficiency in any caliber requires regular practice, and with .22, shooters can afford to train more frequently. Repeated training helps build muscle memory, reaction time, and accuracy, all of which are essential in high-stress self-defense situations. The .22 allows shooters to gain essential skills at a fraction of the cost of practicing with larger, more expensive calibers.

Drawbacks of the .22 Caliber for Self-Defense

Despite these advantages, the .22 caliber also has significant limitations when it comes to self-defense, primarily due to its lower power and inconsistent stopping capability.

Limited Stopping Power
The primary drawback of the .22 caliber in self-defense is its relatively low stopping power. Stopping power, or the ability to halt an attacker’s advance, is crucial in defensive scenarios, especially when the aggressor is hopped on adrenaline. The .22 LR, in particular, has limited energy transfer, meaning it may not be sufficient to incapacitate an attacker quickly. In contrast, calibers like 9mm, .40 S&W, and .45 ACP deliver more energy on impact, leading to a higher likelihood of stopping the threat with fewer shots.
Penetration Issues
.22 rounds generally lack the penetration needed to reach vital organs consistently, especially if the target is wearing heavy clothing or body armor. Defensive rounds in larger calibers are often designed to penetrate to an optimal depth to reach critical areas of the body reliably. In comparison, .22 LR rounds may lose their effectiveness if they encounter resistance, such as heavy clothing or obstacles.
Reliability Concerns with Rimfire Cartridges
The .22 LR round is a rimfire cartridge, which, compared to centerfire rounds, is generally considered less reliable. Rimfire cartridges can sometimes have inconsistent primer ignition, leading to misfires or duds. In a self-defense situation, any malfunction can mean the difference between life and death, so reliability is a crucial factor. Though modern .22 ammunition has improved in quality, centerfire cartridges found in calibers like 9mm and .45 ACP tend to offer higher reliability in critical situations.
Psychological Deterrence
It may sound ridiculous, but the sight and sound of larger firearms can have a psychological impact on attackers, potentially deterring them from advancing. A .22 handgun or rifle is often smaller and quieter, lacking this deterrent effect. While this may not always be a deciding factor, it’s worth considering the effect that the appearance and sound of a firearm can have in an altercation.

When a .22 Caliber Might Be Suitable for Self-Defense

There are situations where a .22 could serve as a practical self-defense option, even if it may not be the ideal choice. For certain individuals, a .22 might offer the best balance of control, concealability, and ease of use.

Elderly and Physically Limited Individuals: For those who may find it challenging to handle the recoil or weight of larger calibers, a .22 can be a manageable option. Though it may not deliver the same stopping power, it’s still better to have a firearm that an individual can control and use effectively and confidently.
Close-Range Defense: At very close range, shot placement becomes critically important. A .22 can still be lethal with precise aim, especially if multiple rounds are used. In confined spaces, such as a home, a .22 could still provide an effective means of defense if the shooter is proficient in targeting vital areas.
Concealability and Convenience: Many .22 caliber firearms are compact and easy to carry, making them viable for those who prioritize concealment. A lightweight, easy-to-carry .22 is preferable to a larger firearm that someone might be less inclined to carry regularly.

.380 vs .22

Most firearm experts recommend choosing a caliber with greater stopping power, such as 9mm, .40 S&W, or .380 ACP, if possible. These calibers offer a balance between control and effectiveness, allowing for manageable recoil with superior stopping potential compared to the .22. However, if someone can only handle a .22 effectively, regular practice to maximize accuracy and confidence is essential.

One viable alternative for those seeking both low recoil and adequate stopping power is the .380 ACP. This caliber provides more impact force than a .22 while still offering manageable recoil. For those with limited strength, it’s often considered a more effective balance than a .22.

Training

No matter which caliber you choose, training is crucial, and we do not necessarily mean just going to the range and standing there and shooting.

Instead, finding a good tactical training course near you could be ideal. Not only do you get the skills of handling your firearm, but you can also maneuver with it in different environments.

Check out Core Vision Training for some of the best tactical training there is, with courses that vary from close quarters combat to long range precision. Core Vision also offers night vision courses, and more. See if you can find a training near you.

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Concluding Thoughts

The .22 caliber can serve as a self-defense option, particularly for those who struggle to handle larger calibers, or those who are newer to shooting. While it is not the top choice due to its limited stopping power and penetration, it remains a practical choice under specific circumstances. For anyone using a .22 for self-defense, shot placement and consistent training are paramount, as accuracy is crucial for maximizing the round's effectiveness. Where possible, though, considering a larger caliber within one's comfort range is advised.

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Is the .22 Caliber a Good Choice for Self-Defense?